Vision Violin Strings, Complete Set for 1/4 Size Violin. Vision Solo violin strings feature a technically advanced formulation and architecture designed to produce a blend of exceptional performance and playing characteristics. They offer great warmth with focus and clarity as well as energetic and
Since 1970, Dominant violin strings have been a reliable partner for generations of diverse violin players and rank among the worlds most used violin strings. These strings emphasize an instrument’s individual character and are available in many sizes. The set 135B has a brilliant and open sound
Medium string set for 4/4 violin made from a modern synthetic multifilament fibre. Obligato strings sound warm and full, yet have a brilliant, rich overtone spectrum and focused tone. Absolutely insensitive to variations in temperature and humidity | Core: Synthetic | Hardness: Medium | Ending: Ball
Medium string set for 4/4 violin made from a modern synthetic multifilament fibre. Obligato strings sound warm and full, yet have a brilliant, rich overtone spectrum and focused tone. Absolutely insensitive to variations in temperature and humidity | Ending: Loop End | Hardness: Medium | Made in:
Medium Violin string set with E-ball end. Chromcor strings have a single filament steel core wound with chrome steel. It has clear and very brilliant sound, warmer than Piranito. Suitable also for electric or electrically-amplified violins. | Core: Steel | Made in: Germany | Hardness: Medium | Ending: Ball
Medium 4/4 violin D string handmade in Germany. Excellent playability | and response throughout the entire dynamic range. Absolutely insensitive | to variations in temperature and humidity. | Core: Synthetic | Hardness: Medium | Made in: Germany
Medium A single string for 4/4 violin made by synthetic/aluminium. Very intensive and powerful, excellent for soloists. Suitable also for electric or electrically-amplified violins. | Made in: Germany | Hardness: Medium | Core: Synthetic
Medium 4/4 violin G string handmade in Germany. Excellent playability | and response throughout the entire dynamic range. Absolutely insensitive | to variations in temperature and humidity. | Hardness: Medium | Core: Synthetic | Made in: Germany
4/4 violin string set, medium, in envelopes, with E-ball end. | Ending: Ball End | Hardness: Medium | Core: Synthetic | Made in: Germany
Violin 4/4 strings. Features: Strings produce a rich spectrum of sound colors, the perfect blend of power and elegance, and a wide dynamic range. The strings deliver instant bow response as well as superior tuning ability. Set: PI01SN (e2), PI02 (a1), PI03A (d1) and PI04 (g). | Made in: Austria | Size:
Medium G single string for 4/4 violin made by synthetic/aluminium. Very intensive and powerful, excellent for soloists. Suitable also for electric or electrically-amplified violins. | Hardness: Medium | Core: Synthetic | Made in: Germany
Medium D single string for 4/4 violin made by synthetic/aluminium. Very intensive and powerful, excellent for soloists. Suitable also for electric or electrically-amplified violins. | Made in: Germany | Hardness: Medium | Core: Synthetic
Professional 4 string set for violin that offers high quality sound and is designed to satisfy even very demanding players. Strings are made of steel core with a Monel (nickelcopper alloy) flat wrap wire applied by hand and silk finish. All Rotosound strings are manufactured in England. Set
4 string set for 4/4 violin from Spirit! series that provides everything needed to produce a distinguished sound for every kind of music, perfect for the advancing players and aspiring artists. Strings deliver an even, balanced tone across all string and have a beautiful, warm tone, making it also
Medium 4 string set for 4/4 violin from Präzision series that delivers brilliant tone and is suitable for a wide variety of genres. Robust A1, D1, G strings feature solid steel cores with or chrome winding, but E2 string is made of chromesteel and it is not wound. Length: 32.5 cm. Gauges: .050,
Universal 4 string set for 4/4 violin from Superflexible series for variety of genres and playing styles. Strings are made with steelfibre core and aluminium winding in the length of 32.5 cm. Gauges: .9, .10, .12, .13. | Size: 4/4 | Made in: Austria
Medium 4 string set for 4/4 violin from Präzision series that delivers brilliant tone and is suitable for a wide variety of genres. Robust strings feature solid steel cores with tin-plated surface (E2) or chrome winding (A1, D1, G). Length: 32.5 cm. Gauges: .049, .051, .053, .054. | Size: 4/4 | Made
Universal 4 string set for 4/4 violin from Superflexible series for variety of genres and playing styles. Strings are made with steelfibre rope core and aluminium winding. Gauges: .008, .010, .012, .013. | Made in: Austria | Size: 4/4
IR100 Infeld Red Violin 4/4 | Hardness: Medium | Size: 4/4 | Made in: Austria
Strings for 1/2 violin. Vision series. The set includes these strings: VI01, VI02, VI03A and VI04. | Made in: Austria | Size: 1/2
Violin string set, medium, in envelopes, with E-ball end. | Size: 4/4 | Hardness: Medium | Core: Nylon | Ending: Ball End | Made in: Germany
Strings for 1/8 violin from Thomastik Dominant series. Widely regarded as “the reference standard” Dominant strings, made with a highly flexible, multi-strand synthetic core, provide the tonal warmth and feel of a gut string while being impervious to changes in humidity. The sound is soft,
Medium 4 string set for 4/4 violin from Dominant series for variety of genres and playing styles. Strings are hand-made with synthetic core in the length of 32.5 cm. Gauges: .129, .131, .132, .133. | Made in: Austria | Size: 4/4
Set of 4 strings for 4/4 violin from Spirocore series that feature a flexible multiwire spiral rope cores, offering a longer period of musical vibration and significantly reduce inertia. These strings are equally effective when playing arco or pizzicato, and are highly responsive and long lasting
Set of 4 strings for 4/4 violin from Spirocore series that feature a flexible multiwire spiral rope cores, offering a longer period of musical vibration and significantly reduce inertia. These strings are equally effective when playing arco or pizzicato, and are highly responsive and long lasting
Medium 4 string set for 4/4 violin from Vision series that delivers a focused, clear, open and brilliant tone – ideal for modern sound. Strings are designed to settle in quickly and to achieve a stable tuning within a very short time. They feature either multi-layer steel core with tin-plated
Ascenté violin strings were specifically designed to help players advance their craft with elegance and consistency. With a wider tonal range, excellent pitch stability and longevity, plus superior durability, this synthetic core string delivers a more sophisticated palette that elevates playing
Medium 4 string set for 4/4 violin from Dominant series for variety of genres and playing styles. Strings are handmade with synthetic core. Gauges: .130, .131, .132, .133. | Size: 4/4 | Made in: Austria
4 string set for 4/4 violin from Superflexible series with steel rope cores that reduce stiffness and improve elasticity, and chrome windings. String offer excellent purity of open fifths and provide an impressive durability and tuning stability which makes them very dependable all-around strings
4/4 Violin Medium Strings offer a focused sound, wide dynamic range, quick response, and are highly sensitive to pianissimo passages. They are also highly resistant to climatic changes as well. Made with the newest manufacturing techniques. E-string: Ball end. | | Hardness: Medium | Offer
4/4 Violin Medium Strings offer a focused sound, wide dynamic range, quick response, and are highly sensitive to pianissimo passages. They are also highly resistant to climatic changes as well. Made with the newest manufacturing techniques. Gold G-string. | Size: 4/4 | Hardness: Medium | Variant: Evah
• Evah Pirazzi Gold strings have a core made of modern synthetic multifilament fiber.• Brilliant, golden tone• Full and great sound from the very bottom to the top of the register• Wide range of sound colors• Large dynamic range allows experienced players to confidently explore even the
Scaled to fit 4/4 size violin with a playing length of 13 inches (328mm), these medium tension strings are optimized to the needs of a majority of players. The HE310-5 (five string) set includes a properly sized and gauged low C string for violins designed to use five strings. The E string included
Medium 4/4 violin A string handmade in Germany. Excellent playability | and response throughout the entire dynamic range. Absolutely insensitive | to variations in temperature and humidity. | Core: Synthetic | Made in: Germany | Hardness: Medium
Medium 4/4 violin A string handmade in Germany. Excellent playability and response throughout the entire dynamic range. Absolutely insensitive to variations in temperature and humidity. | Core: Synthetic | Hardness: Medium | Made in: Germany
Strings offer a focused sound, wide dynamic range, quick response, and are highly sensitive to pianissimo passages. They are also highly resistant to climatic changes as well. Made with the newest manufacturing techniques. | Variant: Evah Pirazzi Violin Set E-Ball Goldsteel | Offer Configuration:
Medium string set for 4/4 violin made from a modern synthetic multifilament fibre. Obligato strings sound warm and full, yet have a brilliant, rich overtone spectrum and focused tone. Absolutely insensitive to variations in temperature and humidity. | Core: Synthetic | Hardness: Medium | Ending: Loop
Strings set for 4/4 and 3/4 violins. | | Made in: Czech Republic | Core: Steel
Medium 4/4 violin A string handmade in Germany. Excellent playability | and response throughout the entire dynamic range. Absolutely insensitive | to variations in temperature and humidity. | Made in: Germany | Core: Synthetic | Hardness: Medium
Extremely well received and consistently reviewed as setting the new standard for the violin. The ambition was to create a truly innovative synthetic core string at only moderate tension yet capable of delivering a richly nuanced sound with exceptional volume.The medium tension strings show
Extremely well received and consistently reviewed as setting the new standard for the violin. The ambition was to create a truly innovative synthetic core string at only moderate tension yet capable of delivering a richly nuanced sound with exceptional volume.The medium tension strings show
Prelude strings are the educator’s preferred choice for student strings due to their unique blend of warm tone, durability, and value. Prelude strings have the warmest sound available in an affordable, solid steel core string design. Unaffected by temperature and humidity changes, they have
Prelude strings are the educator’s preferred choice for student strings due to their unique blend of warm tone, durability, and value. Prelude strings have the warmest sound available in an affordable, solid steel core string design. Unaffected by temperature and humidity changes, they have
Prelude strings are the educator’s preferred choice for student strings due to their unique blend of warm tone, durability, and value. Prelude strings have the warmest sound available in an affordable, solid steel core string design. Unaffected by temperature and humidity changes, they have
Medium Violin string set with E-ball end. Chromcor strings have a single | filament steel core wound with chrome steel. It has clear and very | brilliant sound, warmer than Piranito. Suitable also for electric or | electrically-amplified violins. | Hardness: Medium | Core: Steel | Made in: Germany
Strings set for 4/4 violin from Pirastro Eudoxa series. The sheep gut core of our Eudoxa strings is manufactured, wound and polished in the traditional way, by hand. Well-balanced warm tone with a great diversity of sounds. E string: Aluminum winding - steel core - ball end, A string:
Medium 4/4 violin E string handmade in Germany. Excellent playability and response throughout the entire dynamic range. Absolutely insensitive to variations in temperature and humidity. | Hardness: Medium | Core: Synthetic | Made in: Germany
Medium 4/4 violin E string handmade in Germany. Excellent playability | and response throughout the entire dynamic range. Absolutely insensitive | to variations in temperature and humidity. | Hardness: Medium | Core: Synthetic | Made in: Germany
Medium 4/4 violin D string handmade in Germany. Excellent playability | and response throughout the entire dynamic range. Absolutely insensitive | to variations in temperature and humidity. | Core: Synthetic | Made in: Germany | Hardness: Medium
Extremely well received and consistently reviewed as setting the new standard for the violin. The ambition was to create a truly innovative synthetic core string at only moderate tension yet capable of delivering a richly nuanced sound with exceptional volume.The medium tension strings show
Extremely well received and consistently reviewed as setting the new standard for the violin. The ambition was to create a truly innovative synthetic core string at only moderate tension yet capable of delivering a richly nuanced sound with exceptional volume.The medium tension strings show
These 4/4 hard aluminum and silver wound violin strings with loop ends are perfect for violinists of all levels who want a bright, clear, and powerful sound. The aluminum winding provides projection and clarity, while the silver winding adds warmth and depth. The loop ends make them easy to install
These 4/4 hard aluminum and silver wound violin strings with ball ends are perfect for violinists of all levels. The aluminum winding provides a bright and clear sound, while the silver winding adds warmth and depth. The ball ends make them easy to install and remove. | Hardness : Hard | Compatible
These 4/4 medium aluminum and silver wound violin strings with ball ends are perfect for violinists of all levels. The aluminum winding provides a bright and clear sound, while the silver winding adds warmth and depth. The ball ends make them easy to install and remove. | Ending : Ball End | Compatible
These 4/4 medium aluminum and silver wound violin strings with loop ends are perfect for violinists of all levels. The aluminum winding provides a bright and clear sound, while the silver winding adds warmth and depth. The loop ends make them easy to install and remove. | Wound : Silver
4/4 violin string set, medium, in envelopes, with E-ball end. | Core: Synthetic | Ending: Ball End | Hardness: Medium | Made in: Germany
Medium string set for 3/4-1/2 violin made from a modern synthetic multifilament fibre. Obligato strings sound warm and full, yet have a brilliant, rich overtone spectrum and focused tone. Absolutely insensitive to variations in temperature and humidity. | Made in: Germany | Hardness: Medium | Core:
Medium string set for 1/4-1/8 violin made from a modern synthetic multifilament fibre. Obligato strings sound warm and full, yet have a brilliant, rich overtone spectrum and focused tone. Absolutely insensitive to variations in temperature and humidity. | Made in: Germany | Hardness: Medium | Core:
3/4-1/2 Violin string set, medium, in envelopes, with E-ball end. | Core: Nylon | Made in: Germany | Hardness: Medium
Strings for 3/4 violin. Vision series. The set includes these strings: VI01, VI02, VI03 and VI04. | Size: 3/4 | Made in: Austria
You can also apply a little bit of string oil to the strings at the fingerboard area. Use the string oil sparingly – a small drop on the cloth is enough. Prolongs the life of plain gut strings. 50ml | Made in: Germany
Relatively soft violin rosin with low dust forming that is well suited for gut strings and strings with synthetic cores. It provides big sound and good grip with low noise. Dark olive colour. | Made in: Germany
Combining an unbeatable price with Thomastik-Infeld quality means you no longer have to settle for solid-steel strings to assure durability. You will love their instant response, supple playability and colorful tone. Alphayue strings also improve the sound of even the most basic student instrument
Complete set of 4 strings:• E: carbon steel tinned• A: synthetic core wound with aluminium• D & G: synthetic core wound with silver• All strings are with a ball end• Medium gauge• Size 4/4 | Core: Carbon fibers;Synthetic | Number of Strings: 4 | Hardness: Medium | Size: 4/4 | Made in: Austria
Extra extra-light 4 string set for 4/4-sized and 3/4-sized violin that features steel round-wound strings with high-grade soft-tempered Swiss steel core. Gauges: E = .009, A = .016, D = .021, G = .0295. | Made in: China | Hardness: Extra Light
Violin for a beginner in 4/4 size. Set including padded trunk, strings and rosin. This violin is suitable for the purposes of teaching in the schools. | Package Contents: Rosin;Gig Bag;Chin rest;Bow | Type: Violin | Bottom and Sides: Maple | Neck: Maple | Handedness: Right Handed | Fretboard: Ebonized
1/4 Violin for a beginner. Set including padded trunk, strings and rosin. The violin is suitable for the purposes of teaching in the schools. | | Handedness: Right Handed | Package Contents: Rosin;Chin rest;Gig Bag;Bow | Bottom and Sides: Maple | Type: Violin | Size: 1/4 | Top: Spruce | Fretboard: Ebonized
Practical and compact pickup designed for violins. It can be fixed easily directly to violin's bridge. | Made in: China
Set of steel strings (contains strings e, a, d, g) for violins size 1/4 - 1/8. They offer clear sound, warmer than Piranito models. Also suitable for electric and electrically amplified violins.• String length 24,2 cm (9,53 inch) | Size: 1/4;1/8 | Number of Strings: 4 | Core: Steel | Hardness:
1/4 Violin for a beginner. Set including padded trunk, strings and rosin. The violin is suitable for the purposes of teaching in the schools. | | Package Contents: Gig Bag;Bow;Rosin;Chin rest | Made in: China | Fretboard: Ebonized Maple | Size: 1/4 | Neck: Maple | Bottom and Sides: Maple | Bundle: Yes | Type:
1/8 Violin for a beginner. Set including padded trunk, strings and rosin. The tool is suitable for the purposes of teaching the violin in the schools. | | Package Contents: Bow;Rosin;Gig Bag;Chin rest | Made in: China | Top: Spruce | Offer Configuration: Product Only | Neck: Maple | Bottom and Sides:
3/4 Violin for a beginner. Set including padded trunk, strings and rosin. The tool is suitable for the purposes of teaching the violin in the schools. | | Package Contents: Bow;Gig Bag;Chin rest;Rosin | Bottom and Sides: Maple | Made in: China | Handedness: Right Handed | Offer Configuration: Product
1/2 Violin for a beginner. Set including padded trunk, strings and rosin. The instrument is suitable for the purposes of teaching the violin in the schools. | | Package Contents: Bow;Rosin;Gig Bag;Chin rest | Made in: China | Offer Configuration: Product Only | Fretboard: Ebonized Maple | Size: 1/2 | Neck:
Practical and compact pickup designed for violins. It can be fixed easily directly to violin's bridge. | Made in: China
Quality rosin suitable for violin and viola. Optimal for Pirastro Eudoxa strings. | Made in: Germany
After long and extensive planning & development, we are proud to present our new Shorty Violin Bass. Walter Höfner invented the legendary violin bass back in the 1950s. Since the 1980s, our “Shorty” has enjoyed great popularity, both as a guitar and as a bass. The new Shorty Violin Bass is the
3/4 Violin for a beginner. Set including padded trunk, strings and rosin. The tool is suitable for the purposes of teaching the violin in the schools. | | Neck : Maple | Handedness : Right Handed | Package Contents : Gig Bag | Fretboard : Ebonized Maple | Package Contents : Chin rest | Bundle : Yes | Package
1/8 Violin for a beginner. Set including padded trunk, strings and rosin. The tool is suitable for the purposes of teaching the violin in the schools. | | Package Contents: Gig Bag;Chin rest;Rosin;Bow | Offer Configuration: Product Only | Neck: Maple | Type: Violin | Top: Spruce | Fretboard: Ebonized
Ready to Play series presents pieces which are easy to sight-read but still sound effective. This volume contains a selection of the most appealing classical melodies for two violins. The parts make the most of the lower range of the violin and the player is not expected to read too many ledger
Violin Bow for 4/4 sized violins. The bow is made from brasil wood and features a natural horse hair and ebony frog. Finish: Natural. | Shape: Round | Size: 4/4 | Made in: China
The BAM Hightech Contoured Case 2002XL is an elegant and ultralight shaped 4/4 violin case. The casing of this violin case consists of a proven high-tech system from BAM, a 3-layer structure made of particularly durable materials. This makes high-tech cases particularly light and strong. Inside,
The BAM Hightech Contoured Case 2002XL is an elegant and ultralight shaped 4/4 violin case. The casing of this violin case consists of a proven high-tech system from BAM, a 3-layer structure made of particularly durable materials. This makes high-tech cases particularly light and strong. Inside,
The BAM Hightech Contoured Case 2002XL is an elegant and ultralight shaped 4/4 violin case. The casing of this violin case consists of a proven high-tech system from BAM, a 3-layer structure made of particularly durable materials. This makes high-tech cases particularly light and strong. Inside,
Medium string set for 4/4 viola made from a modern synthetic multifilament fibre. Obligato strings sound warm and full, yet have a brilliant, rich overtone spectrum and focused tone. Absolutely insensitive to variations in temperature and humidity. | Made in: Germany
The discounted set with accessories is put together in such a way that all the products form a perfect harmony. Buying the set also saves you money, as it is cheaper than the products individually. The main picture showing the set is for illustrative purposes. | Hardness: Medium | Offer Configuration:
Strings offer a focused sound, wide dynamic range, quick response, and | are highly sensitive to pianissimo passages. They are also highly | resistant to climatic changes as well. Made with the newest | manufacturing techniques. | Made in: Germany | Offer Configuration: Standard offer | Core:
Strings offer a focused sound, wide dynamic range, quick response, and are highly sensitive to pianissimo passages. They are also highly resistant to climatic changes as well. Made with the newest manufacturing techniques. | Ending: Loop End | Core: Synthetic | Variant: Evah Pirazzi Violin Set
The Violin Play-Along series will help you play your favorite songs quickly and easily. Just follow the music, listen to the demonstration tracks to hear how the violin should sound, and then play along using the separate backing tracks. The purchase price includes online access to audio for
String bow of 4/4 size that is precision made of high quality Brazilian wood with an ebony frog. | Variant: BVN1 | Size: 4/4 | Made in: China
New La Défense line. BAM high-tech violin case La Défense DEF2001XLA is a classic elongated violin case in a modern urban design with an aluminum look. The outer casing consists of a high-tech system from BAM, a 3-layer structure made of particularly durable materials. This makes the violin case
Bow suitable for violin with 3/4 size. | Size: 3/4 | Variant: BVN1 | Made in: China
Violin bow from Gewa natural hair. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. | Shape: Angular | Made in: China | Size: 4/4
A high-quality octagonal bow for 4/4 student violin. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. The rod is made of flexible but solid Brazilian hardwood, it has excellent strength and moisture resistance. Violin bow has Ebony frog with Parisian Eye and silver-nickel trim, Whalebone
A high-quality octagonal bow for 3/4 student violin. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. The rod is made of flexible but solid Brazilian hardwood, it has excellent strength and moisture resistance. Violin bow has Ebony frog with Parisian Eye and silver-nickel trim, Whalebone
A high-quality octagonal bow for 1/2 student violin. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. The rod is made of flexible but solid Brazilian hardwood, it has excellent strength and moisture resistance. Violin bow has Ebony frog with Parisian Eye and silver-nickel trim, Whalebone
A high-quality bow for 1/2 student violin. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. The rod is made of flexible but solid Brazilian hardwood, it has excellent strength and moisture resistance. Violin bow has Ebony frog with Parisian Eye and silver-nickel trim, Whalebone wrapping
A high-quality bow for 1/4 student violin. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. The rod is made of flexible but solid Brazilian hardwood, it has excellent strength and moisture resistance. Violin bow has Ebony frog with Parisian Eye and silver-nickel trim, Whalebone wrapping
A high-quality bow for 1/8 student violin. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. The rod is made of flexible but solid Brazilian hardwood, it has excellent strength and moisture resistance. Violin bow has Ebony frog with Parisian Eye and silver-nickel trim, Whalebone wrapping
A high-quality bow for 3/4 student violin. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. The rod is made of flexible but solid Brazilian hardwood, it has excellent strength and moisture resistance. Violin bow has ebony frog with nickel trim. Natural hair. Dimensions 69.5 x 3 x 1.5 cm. Weight
A high-quality bow for 1/2 student violin. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. The rod is made of flexible but solid Brazilian hardwood, it has excellent strength and moisture resistance. Violin bow has ebony frog with nickel trim. Natural hair. Dimensions 69.5 x 3 x 1.5 cm. Weight
A high-quality bow for 1/8 student violin. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. The rod is made of flexible but solid Brazilian hardwood, it has excellent strength and moisture resistance. Violin bow has ebony frog with nickel trim. Natural hair. Dimensions 69.5 x 3 x 1.5 cm. Weight
The BAM Hightech Contoured Case 2002XL is an elegant and ultralight shaped 4/4 violin case. The casing of this violin case consists of a proven high-tech system from BAM, a 3-layer structure made of particularly durable materials. This makes high-tech cases particularly light and strong. Inside,
A high-quality bow for 4/4 student violin. It is suitable for a beginner or a moderate student. The rod is made of flexible but solid Brazilian hardwood, it has excellent strength and moisture resistance. Violin bow has Ebony frog with Parisian Eye and silver-nickel trim, Whalebone wrapping
Experience the difference! The whole instrument is inserted into the injected foam filling. There is a removable inner pocket in the interior. The top cover offers 2 bow holders. | | Weight: 2 kg | Color: black | Internal dimensions: overall length: 63 cm; body length: 38 cm; upper width: 19 cm; bottom
The instrument is inserted into the injected foam liner. There is a removable accessory pocket inside. The top cover contains 2 bow holders. Kun style shoulder rest strap. Feel the difference! | | Weight: 1.75 kg | Color: black | Internal dimensions: overall length: 62 cm; body length: 38 cm; upper width:
Light-weight, violin-shaped soft case for 1/4 Violin. Strong, textured nylon covering All-round zipper w/ external reinforcement ribbon stitchings. Firm shaped interior of expanded polystyrene (EPS) w/ soft acrylic lining. Small spare case for accessories. External zippered pouch for scores and